diff --git a/KEYHOSTING.md b/KEYHOSTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d99cd9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/KEYHOSTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Reality 密钥主控托管（Key Hosting）
+
+Reality 密钥对由**控制面**生成、保存和下发，节点只是落地执行。这样节点重装
+系统后重新部署的仍是同一把密钥，客户端订阅里的 `pbk`（publicKey）永不变化，
+客户无需重新复制配置。
+
+## 数据模型
+
+- 控制面数据库 `nexusgate.json` 新增顶层对象 `keyStore`：
+  `{ "reality-<nodeId>": { "privateKey": "...", "publicKey": "...", "updatedAt": "..." } }`
+- 密钥格式与此前一致：Node JWK 导出的 x25519 密钥对，`privateKey`/`publicKey`
+  为 base64url 无填充（43 字符），与 `sing-box generate reality-keypair` 输出一致。
+- 旧数据库没有 `keyStore` 时自动补为空对象，不影响启动。
+
+## 协议变更
+
+### 下发（控制面 → Agent）
+
+`apply_resource` 任务的 payload 新增可选字段：
+
+```json
+{
+  "resource": { "...": "inbound 里仍是 ${REALITY_PRIVATE:reality-<nodeId>} 占位符" },
+  "kind": "node",
+  "keyMaterial": { "reality-<nodeId>": { "privateKey": "...", "publicKey": "..." } }
+}
+```
+
+- 控制面在构建部署任务时（`rebuildNode` / 对账 `reconcileServer`）：节点是
+  Reality 协议且 `keyStore` 无此 keyId → 面板现场生成并入库；已有则复用。
+- 出口（node-exit）任务不带 `keyMaterial`（出口资源没有 Reality 占位符）。
+- `/api/jobs` 管理接口不返回 payload，私钥不会经管理 API 泄漏。
+
+### Agent 行为（Go agent）
+
+1. 收到 `keyMaterial` 时，先写入本地 `/etc/nexusgate/keys.json`（0600），
+   再做占位符 materialize —— 部署的必然是主控托管的那把钥匙。
+2. 若某个被使用的 keyId **不是**本次 payload 提供的（本地已有或本地新生成），
+   在任务结果里回传：`result.artifacts.keyMaterial = { "<keyId>": { privateKey, publicKey } }`。
+3. payload 无 `keyMaterial`（旧控制面）时行为与托管前完全一致。
+
+Node 版 agent 不读 `keyMaterial` 字段，照旧本地生成/使用密钥，协议兼容；
+其任务结果不带 `keyMaterial` 回传，控制面也不会被它改写（见下）。
+
+### 回填（Agent → 控制面）
+
+任务成功完成（`completeJob`）时，控制面合并 `artifacts.keyMaterial`：
+
+- `keyStore` 无此 keyId → 入库（存量节点密钥由此自动迁入主控）。
+- 已有且相同 → 无操作。
+- 已有且**不同** → **保留主控的**，写一条 `reality_key_conflict` 审计日志；
+  下一次下发会把主控密钥重新发给 agent，agent 本地副本随之被纠正。
+- 合并后节点的 `artifacts.realityPublicKey` 强制以 `keyStore` 为准，
+  保证订阅输出稳定。`keyMaterial` 本身不会存进 `node.artifacts`。
+
+## 优先级
+
+**主控 keyStore > 本次下发 payload > 节点本地 keys.json**
+
+payload 的内容就是 keyStore 的副本，所以前两者永远一致；本地仅在主控
+从未托管过该密钥的迁移期短暂生效，回填完成后即以主控为准。
+
+## 删除清理
+
+节点记录被真正删除时（草稿直接删除、删除任务确认后、服务器强制遗忘），
+对应的 `keyStore["reality-<nodeId>"]` 一并移除。
+
+## 恢复语义
+
+节点重装系统 → 重新注册 agent → 主控重新下发节点资源，payload 携带原
+keyMaterial → agent 落地同一私钥 → sing-box 配置与重装前一致，客户端
+订阅（pbk + shortId）逐字不变，客户无感。
diff --git a/lib/orchestrator.js b/lib/orchestrator.js
index 024ed2a..526de7c 100644
--- a/lib/orchestrator.js
+++ b/lib/orchestrator.js
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ const { redactSecrets } = require('./redact');
 const {
   buildNodeResource, buildNodeExitResource, nodeEmail,
   newNodeClientCredentials, validateEntryProtocol, validateProtocolPair, isRealityProtocol, resolveBindAddress,
+  keyMaterialForNode, dropRealityKey,
   SHADOWSOCKS_METHODS,
 } = require('./protocols');
 
@@ -120,7 +121,12 @@ async function rebuildNode(data, node, { includeExit = false } = {}) {
     return;
   }
   node.autoRemoving = false;
-  queueJob(data, node.serverId, node.id, 'apply_resource', { resource: await resourceForNode(data, node, clients), kind: 'node' });
+  const payload = { resource: await resourceForNode(data, node, clients), kind: 'node' };
+  // Reality keys are panel-hosted: ship the stored keypair with the deploy so
+  // the agent materializes the same private key after any reinstall.
+  const keyMaterial = keyMaterialForNode(data, node);
+  if (keyMaterial) payload.keyMaterial = keyMaterial;
+  queueJob(data, node.serverId, node.id, 'apply_resource', payload);
   if (forwardNode(node) && includeExit) {
     queueJob(data, node.exitServerId, node.id, 'apply_resource', { resource: await resourceForNodeExit(data, node), kind: 'node-exit' });
   }
@@ -195,6 +201,36 @@ function applyDelta(holder, uplink, downlink, sampleEpoch) {
   return { upDelta, downDelta };
 }
 
+// Merge agent-reported keypairs (artifacts.keyMaterial) into the panel key
+// store. The panel store always wins: an agent report only fills a gap (e.g.
+// a node created before panel hosting, whose key only exists on the node).
+// A conflicting report is audited, never applied — the next deploy re-ships
+// the panel key and the agent overwrites its local copy with it.
+function mergeKeyMaterialBackfill(data, node, artifacts) {
+  if (!artifacts || typeof artifacts !== 'object') return;
+  const reported = artifacts.keyMaterial;
+  // keyMaterial is transport data for the store, not a node artifact.
+  delete artifacts.keyMaterial;
+  if (reported && typeof reported === 'object') {
+    data.keyStore ||= {};
+    for (const [keyId, pair] of Object.entries(reported)) {
+      if (!pair || typeof pair.privateKey !== 'string' || typeof pair.publicKey !== 'string') continue;
+      const existing = data.keyStore[keyId];
+      if (!existing) {
+        data.keyStore[keyId] = { privateKey: pair.privateKey, publicKey: pair.publicKey, updatedAt: nowIso() };
+      } else if (existing.privateKey !== pair.privateKey || existing.publicKey !== pair.publicKey) {
+        audit(data, 'agent', 'reality_key_conflict', node.id, { keyId });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // The subscription-facing publicKey always comes from the panel store, so
+  // it is identical before and after any agent report.
+  const keyId = node.reality && node.reality.keyId;
+  if (keyId && data.keyStore && data.keyStore[keyId]) {
+    artifacts.realityPublicKey = data.keyStore[keyId].publicKey;
+  }
+}
+
 function validateNodeDeploy(data, node) {
   const direct = !forwardNode(node);
   if (direct) validateEntryProtocol(node.protocol);
@@ -260,6 +296,7 @@ class Orchestrator {
         }
         node.status = 'removing'; node.error = null;
       } else if (deleteRecord) {
+        dropRealityKey(data, node);
         data.nodes = data.nodes.filter((n) => n.id !== node.id);
         data.nodeClients = data.nodeClients.filter((nc) => nc.nodeId !== node.id);
       }
@@ -341,7 +378,12 @@ class Orchestrator {
         } else {
           const clients = activeNodeClients(data, node);
           if (!clients.length) continue;
-          if (isEntry) queueJob(data, serverId, node.id, 'apply_resource', { resource: await resourceForNode(data, node, clients), kind: 'node' });
+          if (isEntry) {
+            const payload = { resource: await resourceForNode(data, node, clients), kind: 'node' };
+            const keyMaterial = keyMaterialForNode(data, node);
+            if (keyMaterial) payload.keyMaterial = keyMaterial;
+            queueJob(data, serverId, node.id, 'apply_resource', payload);
+          }
           if (isExit) queueJob(data, serverId, node.id, 'apply_resource', { resource: await resourceForNodeExit(data, node), kind: 'node-exit' });
           node.status = 'deploying';
         }
@@ -366,13 +408,17 @@ class Orchestrator {
       const kind = job.payload && (job.payload.kind || (job.payload.resource && job.payload.resource.meta && job.payload.resource.meta.kind));
       if (success && job.action === 'apply_resource') {
         if (kind === 'node-exit') node.exitReady = true;
-        else { node.entryReady = true; node.artifacts = result.artifacts || {}; }
+        else {
+          node.entryReady = true; node.artifacts = result.artifacts || {};
+          mergeKeyMaterialBackfill(data, node, node.artifacts);
+        }
         deriveNodeStatus(node);
       } else if (success && job.action === 'delete_resource') {
         if (kind === 'node-exit') node.exitReady = false; else node.entryReady = false;
         const pending = data.jobs.some((item) => item.nodeId === node.id && item.action === 'delete_resource' && ['queued', 'running'].includes(item.status));
         if (!pending && node.status === 'removing') {
           if (node.pendingDelete) {
+            dropRealityKey(data, node);
             data.nodes = data.nodes.filter((n) => n.id !== node.id);
             data.nodeClients = data.nodeClients.filter((nc) => nc.nodeId !== node.id);
           } else {
diff --git a/lib/protocols.js b/lib/protocols.js
index edff199..8e09c69 100644
--- a/lib/protocols.js
+++ b/lib/protocols.js
@@ -315,6 +315,51 @@ function buildClientUri({ protocol, relayServer, relayPort, credentials, reality
   return null;
 }
 
+// ---------- Panel-hosted Reality keys ----------
+// Reality keypairs live in the panel database (data.keyStore) so that a node
+// OS reinstall redeploys the SAME pair and client subscriptions never change.
+// Encoding is exactly the agent-side format: Node JWK export of an x25519
+// pair, whose base64url no-padding `d`/`x` values match
+// `sing-box generate reality-keypair` output byte for byte.
+
+function generateRealityKeyPair() {
+  const kp = crypto.generateKeyPairSync('x25519');
+  const priv = kp.privateKey.export({ format: 'jwk' });
+  const pub = kp.publicKey.export({ format: 'jwk' });
+  if (!priv.d || !pub.x) throw new Error('X25519 密钥生成失败');
+  return { privateKey: priv.d, publicKey: pub.x };
+}
+
+function realityKeyIdForNode(node) {
+  return (node.reality && node.reality.keyId) || `reality-${node.id}`;
+}
+
+// Returns the stored keypair for a Reality node, generating and storing one
+// on first use. Non-Reality nodes return null.
+function ensureRealityKey(data, node) {
+  if (!isRealityProtocol(node.protocol)) return null;
+  ensureNodeSecrets(node);
+  const keyId = realityKeyIdForNode(node);
+  data.keyStore ||= {};
+  let entry = data.keyStore[keyId];
+  if (!entry || !entry.privateKey || !entry.publicKey) {
+    entry = { ...generateRealityKeyPair(), updatedAt: new Date().toISOString() };
+    data.keyStore[keyId] = entry;
+  }
+  return entry;
+}
+
+// Payload fragment for apply_resource jobs: { "<keyId>": { privateKey, publicKey } }.
+function keyMaterialForNode(data, node) {
+  const entry = ensureRealityKey(data, node);
+  if (!entry) return null;
+  return { [realityKeyIdForNode(node)]: { privateKey: entry.privateKey, publicKey: entry.publicKey } };
+}
+
+function dropRealityKey(data, node) {
+  if (data.keyStore) delete data.keyStore[realityKeyIdForNode(node)];
+}
+
 function profile(role, protocol) { return PROFILE_CATALOG.find((item) => item.role === role && item.id === protocol); }
 function validateEntryProtocol(protocol) {
   const item = profile('relay-ingress', protocol);
@@ -330,5 +375,5 @@ function isRealityProtocol(protocol) { return ['vless-reality-vision', 'vless-re
 module.exports = {
   PROFILE_CATALOG, REALITY_PRESETS, SHADOWSOCKS_METHODS, nodeEmail, newNodeClientCredentials,
   buildNodeResource, buildNodeExitResource, ensureNodeSecrets, buildClientUri, validateEntryProtocol, validateProtocolPair, isRealityProtocol,
-  resolveBindAddress
+  resolveBindAddress, generateRealityKeyPair, realityKeyIdForNode, ensureRealityKey, keyMaterialForNode, dropRealityKey
 };
diff --git a/lib/store.js b/lib/store.js
index d137270..48330f1 100644
--- a/lib/store.js
+++ b/lib/store.js
@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@ function emptyData() {
       completedJobRetentionDays: 7
     },
     users: [], servers: [], agents: [], enrollmentTokens: [], customers: [],
-    nodes: [], nodeClients: [], jobs: [], activity: [], observations: [], subscriptionAccess: [], subscriptionClients: []
+    nodes: [], nodeClients: [], jobs: [], activity: [], observations: [], subscriptionAccess: [], subscriptionClients: [],
+    // Panel-hosted Reality keypairs: { "reality-<nodeId>": { privateKey, publicKey, updatedAt } }.
+    // An object (not a collection), so it is not part of COLLECTIONS validation.
+    keyStore: {}
   };
 }
 
@@ -40,6 +43,7 @@ class Store {
       this.data = JSON.parse(raw);
       this.data.subscriptionAccess ||= [];
       this.data.subscriptionClients ||= [];
+      this.data.keyStore ||= {};
       this.#validate(this.data);
     } catch (error) {
       if (error.code !== 'ENOENT') throw error;
@@ -81,6 +85,7 @@ class Store {
       const copy = structuredClone(next);
       copy.subscriptionAccess ||= [];
       copy.subscriptionClients ||= [];
+      copy.keyStore ||= {};
       this.#validate(copy);
       for (const key of Object.keys(draft)) delete draft[key];
       Object.assign(draft, copy);
diff --git a/server.js b/server.js
index 35cf11a..fb28142 100644
--- a/server.js
+++ b/server.js
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ const net = require('node:net');
 const { Store } = require('./lib/store');
 const { hashSecret, verifySecret, randomToken, SessionManager } = require('./lib/auth');
 const { sendJson, sendError, readJson, route, serveStatic } = require('./lib/http');
-const { PROFILE_CATALOG, REALITY_PRESETS, SHADOWSOCKS_METHODS, ensureNodeSecrets, newNodeClientCredentials, validateEntryProtocol, validateProtocolPair, isRealityProtocol } = require('./lib/protocols');
+const { PROFILE_CATALOG, REALITY_PRESETS, SHADOWSOCKS_METHODS, ensureNodeSecrets, newNodeClientCredentials, validateEntryProtocol, validateProtocolPair, isRealityProtocol, dropRealityKey } = require('./lib/protocols');
 const { Orchestrator, audit, id, nowIso, queueJob, forwardNode, rebuildNode, selectPort, suspendCustomerResources, resumeCustomerResources } = require('./lib/orchestrator');
 const { formatSubscription, nodeClientUri } = require('./lib/subscriptions');
 const { redactSecrets } = require('./lib/redact');
@@ -559,6 +559,7 @@ async function handleAdminApi(req, res, pathname) {
       }
       data.jobs = data.jobs.filter((item) => !residualIds.has(item.nodeId));
       data.nodeClients = data.nodeClients.filter((item) => !residualIds.has(item.nodeId));
+      for (const item of residual) dropRealityKey(data, item);
       data.nodes = data.nodes.filter((item) => !residualIds.has(item.id));
       for (const agent of data.agents.filter((item) => item.serverId === server.id)) agent.status = 'revoked';
       data.servers.splice(index, 1);
diff --git a/test/reality-keys.test.js b/test/reality-keys.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a99c08f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/reality-keys.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const test = require('node:test');
+const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
+const crypto = require('node:crypto');
+const fs = require('node:fs');
+const os = require('node:os');
+const path = require('node:path');
+const { Store } = require('../lib/store');
+const { Orchestrator, rebuildNode } = require('../lib/orchestrator');
+const { generateRealityKeyPair, ensureRealityKey } = require('../lib/protocols');
+
+const B64URL_43 = /^[A-Za-z0-9_-]{43}$/;
+
+test('generateRealityKeyPair produces consistent 43-char base64url x25519 keys', () => {
+  const pair = generateRealityKeyPair();
+  assert.match(pair.privateKey, B64URL_43);
+  assert.match(pair.publicKey, B64URL_43);
+  // Deriving the public key from the private one must reproduce the pair:
+  // these are real x25519 keys in the exact encoding sing-box expects.
+  const priv = crypto.createPrivateKey({ key: { kty: 'OKP', crv: 'X25519', d: pair.privateKey, x: pair.publicKey }, format: 'jwk' });
+  const derived = crypto.createPublicKey(priv).export({ format: 'jwk' });
+  assert.equal(derived.x, pair.publicKey);
+  assert.notEqual(generateRealityKeyPair().privateKey, pair.privateKey);
+});
+
+test('ensureRealityKey generates once, reuses verbatim, ignores non-Reality nodes', () => {
+  const data = { keyStore: {} };
+  const node = { id: 'nod_x', protocol: 'vless-reality', topology: 'direct', realityServerName: 'www.tesla.com' };
+  const first = ensureRealityKey(data, node);
+  assert.equal(node.reality.keyId, 'reality-nod_x');
+  assert.match(first.privateKey, B64URL_43);
+  assert.match(first.publicKey, B64URL_43);
+  assert.strictEqual(ensureRealityKey(data, node), first);
+  assert.equal(ensureRealityKey(data, { id: 'nod_y', protocol: 'shadowsocks-2022-aes128', topology: 'direct' }), null);
+  assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(data.keyStore), ['reality-nod_x']);
+});
+
+async function fixture(t) {
+  const dir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'nexusgate-keys-'));
+  t.after(() => fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true }));
+  const store = await new Store(path.join(dir, 'data.json')).init();
+  assert.deepEqual(store.data.keyStore, {});
+  const stamp = new Date().toISOString();
+  await store.transaction((data) => {
+    data.servers.push({ id: 'srv_key', name: '入口', publicAddress: '203.0.113.10', portRangeStart: 20000, portRangeEnd: 50000, status: 'online', lastSeenAt: stamp });
+    data.customers.push({ id: 'cus_key', name: '客户', status: 'active' });
+    data.nodes.push({
+      id: 'nod_key', serverId: 'srv_key', name: 'Reality 节点', protocol: 'vless-reality-vision',
+      topology: 'direct', networkMode: 'ipv4', port: 23456, resourceId: 'res_nod_key_1',
+      status: 'draft', realityServerName: 'www.tesla.com', createdAt: stamp, updatedAt: stamp,
+    });
+    data.nodeClients.push({
+      id: 'ncl_key', nodeId: 'nod_key', customerId: 'cus_key', status: 'active',
+      credentials: { clientId: crypto.randomUUID(), relayPassword: 'secret', shortId: 'abcd1234' },
+      createdAt: stamp, updatedAt: stamp,
+    });
+  });
+  return { store, orchestrator: new Orchestrator(store) };
+}
+
+function applyJobs(store) {
+  return store.data.jobs.filter((job) => job.action === 'apply_resource' && job.payload && job.payload.kind === 'node');
+}
+
+test('deploy payload carries the panel-hosted keyMaterial and reuses it verbatim', async (t) => {
+  const { store } = await fixture(t);
+  await store.transaction(async (data) => { await rebuildNode(data, data.nodes[0]); });
+  const first = applyJobs(store).at(-1);
+  assert.ok(first, 'an apply job was queued');
+  // The resource itself keeps the placeholder; the key travels as keyMaterial.
+  assert.match(JSON.stringify(first.payload.resource), /\$\{REALITY_PRIVATE:reality-nod_key\}/);
+  const material = first.payload.keyMaterial;
+  assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(material), ['reality-nod_key']);
+  assert.match(material['reality-nod_key'].privateKey, B64URL_43);
+  assert.match(material['reality-nod_key'].publicKey, B64URL_43);
+  assert.equal(store.data.keyStore['reality-nod_key'].privateKey, material['reality-nod_key'].privateKey);
+  assert.equal(store.data.keyStore['reality-nod_key'].publicKey, material['reality-nod_key'].publicKey);
+
+  // A redeploy ships the identical keypair: the publicKey is stable.
+  await store.transaction(async (data) => { await rebuildNode(data, data.nodes[0]); });
+  const second = applyJobs(store).at(-1);
+  assert.deepEqual(second.payload.keyMaterial, material);
+});
+
+test('agent backfill fills a keyStore gap and is stripped from node artifacts', async (t) => {
+  const { store, orchestrator } = await fixture(t);
+  const agentPair = generateRealityKeyPair();
+  await store.transaction((data) => {
+    const node = data.nodes[0];
+    node.status = 'deploying';
+    node.reality = { keyId: 'reality-nod_key', serverName: 'www.tesla.com', destPort: 443 };
+    data.jobs.push({ id: 'job_bf', serverId: 'srv_key', nodeId: 'nod_key', action: 'apply_resource',
+      payload: { kind: 'node' }, status: 'running', attempts: 1, createdAt: new Date().toISOString(), updatedAt: new Date().toISOString() });
+  });
+  await orchestrator.completeJob('job_bf', true, {
+    artifacts: { realityPublicKey: agentPair.publicKey, keyMaterial: { 'reality-nod_key': agentPair } },
+  });
+  const stored = store.data.keyStore['reality-nod_key'];
+  assert.equal(stored.privateKey, agentPair.privateKey);
+  assert.equal(stored.publicKey, agentPair.publicKey);
+  const node = store.data.nodes[0];
+  assert.equal(node.artifacts.realityPublicKey, agentPair.publicKey);
+  assert.equal(node.artifacts.keyMaterial, undefined);
+});
+
+test('agent backfill never overwrites a panel-hosted key', async (t) => {
+  const { store, orchestrator } = await fixture(t);
+  await store.transaction((data) => {
+    ensureRealityKey(data, data.nodes[0]);
+    data.nodes[0].status = 'deploying';
+    data.jobs.push({ id: 'job_cf', serverId: 'srv_key', nodeId: 'nod_key', action: 'apply_resource',
+      payload: { kind: 'node' }, status: 'running', attempts: 1, createdAt: new Date().toISOString(), updatedAt: new Date().toISOString() });
+  });
+  const panelPair = store.data.keyStore['reality-nod_key'];
+  const agentPair = generateRealityKeyPair();
+  assert.notEqual(agentPair.publicKey, panelPair.publicKey);
+  await orchestrator.completeJob('job_cf', true, {
+    artifacts: { realityPublicKey: agentPair.publicKey, keyMaterial: { 'reality-nod_key': agentPair } },
+  });
+  const stored = store.data.keyStore['reality-nod_key'];
+  assert.equal(stored.privateKey, panelPair.privateKey);
+  assert.equal(stored.publicKey, panelPair.publicKey);
+  // Subscription-facing publicKey is the panel's, not the agent's divergent one.
+  assert.equal(store.data.nodes[0].artifacts.realityPublicKey, panelPair.publicKey);
+  assert.ok(store.data.activity.some((event) => event.action === 'reality_key_conflict'));
+});
+
+test('node deletion drops the hosted key (draft delete and confirmed delete)', async (t) => {
+  const { store, orchestrator } = await fixture(t);
+  const stamp = new Date().toISOString();
+  await store.transaction((data) => {
+    ensureRealityKey(data, data.nodes[0]);
+    // Second node mid-deletion: record removed when the agent confirms.
+    data.nodes.push({
+      id: 'nod_key2', serverId: 'srv_key', name: '待删节点', protocol: 'vless-reality',
+      topology: 'direct', networkMode: 'ipv4', port: 23457, resourceId: 'res_nod_key_2',
+      status: 'removing', pendingDelete: true, entryReady: true,
+      reality: { keyId: 'reality-nod_key2', serverName: 'www.tesla.com', destPort: 443 },
+      createdAt: stamp, updatedAt: stamp,
+    });
+    data.keyStore['reality-nod_key2'] = { ...generateRealityKeyPair(), updatedAt: stamp };
+    data.jobs.push({ id: 'job_del', serverId: 'srv_key', nodeId: 'nod_key2', action: 'delete_resource',
+      payload: { resourceId: 'res_nod_key_2', kind: 'node' }, status: 'running', attempts: 1, createdAt: stamp, updatedAt: stamp });
+  });
+  assert.ok(store.data.keyStore['reality-nod_key']);
+  assert.ok(store.data.keyStore['reality-nod_key2']);
+
+  await orchestrator.removeNode('nod_key', 'admin', true);
+  assert.equal(store.data.nodes.some((node) => node.id === 'nod_key'), false);
+  assert.equal(store.data.keyStore['reality-nod_key'], undefined);
+
+  await orchestrator.completeJob('job_del', true, {});
+  assert.equal(store.data.nodes.some((node) => node.id === 'nod_key2'), false);
+  assert.equal(store.data.keyStore['reality-nod_key2'], undefined);
+});
+
+test('legacy database without keyStore loads with an empty store', async (t) => {
+  const dir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'nexusgate-legacy-'));
+  t.after(() => fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true }));
+  const file = path.join(dir, 'data.json');
+  await new Store(file).init();
+  const raw = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf8'));
+  delete raw.keyStore;
+  fs.writeFileSync(file, JSON.stringify(raw));
+  const reopened = await new Store(file).init();
+  assert.deepEqual(reopened.data.keyStore, {});
+});